1Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam; 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
f.riva@vu.nl2Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State
University; MI 49060, Hickory Corners, Michigan, United States.
nick.m.haddad@gmail.com3Geomatic and
Landscape Ecology research Laboratory, Carleton University; K1S 5B6,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
lenorefahrig@cunet.carleton.ca4Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London;
SL5 7PY, Ascot, United Kingdom.
c.banks@imperial.ac.uk
*Corresponding author. †All authors contributed equally to this work