*Corresponding author:
Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine,
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, 430030, China.
E-mail address :aihua_liao@hust.edu.cn
Funding information : The research was supported by the grants
from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82220108008
to A.H. Liao), and Strategic Developmental Project for Foreign Experts
by the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. G2022154027L to A.H.
Liao).
Conflict of interest: The authors have declared that no
competing interest exists.
Author contributions: Xu-Hui Fang: manuscript draft and
revision. Zhi-Jing Li, Chun-Yan Liu and Gil Mor: manuscript revision.
Ai-Hua Liao: concept, text revision, and final approval.
Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable as
no new data were created or analyzed in this paper.
Abbreviations: NK, natural killer; LPS, lipopolysaccharide;
BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; PAMPs,
pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs, danger-associated
molecular patterns; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis
factor-ɑ; IL, interleukin; H3K4me3, tri-methylation of histone H3 at
lysine 4; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; miRNAs, microRNAs;
mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible
factor-1α; PIR-A, paired immunoglobulin-like receptor-A; MHC, major
histocompatibility complex; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
ORCID: Xu-Hui Fang, 0000-0001-5380-3956; Ai-Hua Liao,
0000-0001-8533-8315