*Corresponding author:
Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
E-mail address :aihua_liao@hust.edu.cn
Funding information : The research was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82220108008 to A.H. Liao), and Strategic Developmental Project for Foreign Experts by the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. G2022154027L to A.H. Liao).
Conflict of interest: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
Author contributions: Xu-Hui Fang: manuscript draft and revision. Zhi-Jing Li, Chun-Yan Liu and Gil Mor: manuscript revision. Ai-Hua Liao: concept, text revision, and final approval.
Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable as no new data were created or analyzed in this paper.
Abbreviations: NK, natural killer; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ; IL, interleukin; H3K4me3, tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; miRNAs, microRNAs; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; PIR-A, paired immunoglobulin-like receptor-A; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
ORCID: Xu-Hui Fang, 0000-0001-5380-3956; Ai-Hua Liao, 0000-0001-8533-8315