Methods and features
Time series data is the foundation of system monitoring and forecasting,
leading to a massive diversity of time series forecasting methods and
models developed to analyse them (De Gooijer and Hyndman 2006). Critical
slowing down based indicators (i.e. the early warning signals) are no
exception but require less technical expertise than traditional
forecasting techniques (Dakos et al. 2015). This simplicity in
calculation holds for both univariate and multivariate assessments.